The Ottoman tughra is a unique calligraphic emblem of the sultan’s authority that was included on all official documents – royal decrees, coins, correspondences and other items. Turghas were used by the Ottomans starting in the early 14^th century and became standardized in the 16^th century under Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent whose elegant tughra is featured here. It is emblazoned with his name, his father’s name, his title and the phrase ‘the eternally victorious’.